Vehicle history.

The car and the locomotive was originally a common history. Publications on both vehicles as their ancestors Steam mention the same structures. Type of drive meant that they had a contribution to the development of railways, and the lack of rails pointed to their connection to today's cars.


     Already in 1770 the French officer Nicolas Cugnot built a steam tricycle vehicle.But it was by today's standards a very primitive design, but it certainly moved herself and could reach a speed of 4km / h. Sixteen years later, a young English engineer William Murdock conducted tests with steam-powered toy vehicle. Working in studio Murdock steam pumps built 30-inch model with an engine of relatively high power.Englishman decided to try his invention on the street with dismay found that it is not able to catch up with fast moving vehicle. Rush through the city toy so frightened of the local priest that he died of a heart attack. Under pressure from local residents, and James Watt (who stipulated a patent for the steam engines used to carry people, but it did not work for them) Murdock resigned from further experiments.The next milestone in the history of the car's road locomotive was constructed in 1801 by Englishman Richard Trevithick. With motor vehicle wysokoprężnemu Trevithick was at that time a modern design. The inventor showed him surprised residents of London, in 1804 years put a road locomotive on the tracks. Since then the history of the car and locomotive history unfolded in two different ways.

Explosive vehicle

     Despite the development of the inventor did not stop work on the steam road vehicles. Moreover, it was not only experimental designs, but also developed steam omnibuses Driving passengers for a fee. The first line, which regularly plied omnibuses, was launched in England in 1831. Steam-powered vehicles traveled between London and Statford. With time, the steam omnibuses were introduced many improvements, some of which later took the constructors combustion vehicles.Particularly noteworthy was built in 1873 by French engineer Amédé'ego Bollé'ego omnibus "Obedient". This vehicle is equipped with two steam engines driving separately each of the rear wheels. "Obedient" had solid rubber tires and soft leaf springs, that is, as used in modern cars. A novelty in those days was the transmission using a chain gear cooperating with the gearbox. Although the vehicle weighed almost five tons, but reached an average speed of 42 km / h, including the travel time needed to complete interruption of water.


1770 - Nicolas steam produced vehicle Cugnot
1786 - William Murdock builds a steam powered toy car
1800 - Isaac de Rivaz constructs a vehicle propelled by a light gas explosion
1801 - Richard Trevithick built a road locomotive
1814 - Frenchman De Quet constructs the steering
1821 - Englishman R.J. Griffith introduces transmission.
1831 - launched the first regular flight is operated by steam omnibuses
1835 - Thomas Davenport built the first car driven by an electric motor
1860 - Étienne Lenoir gets a patent on a gas engine
1862 - Alphonse de Rochas Bean develops a theoretical principle of four-stroke engine, Nicolaus A. Otto built a prototype of such an engine
1871 - Joseph Ravel builds a vehicle powered by oil
1873 - the first time on the road goes omnibus "Obedient"
1875 - Siegfried Marcus constructs a four-wheeled vehicle with four-stroke gasoline engine
1886 - Karl Benz patent for three-wheeled car, and Gottlieb Daimler presents a four-wheeled car of his own design
1891 - Emil Levasseur introduces a front-wheel drive
1893 - Albert de Dion engine builds can reach 3000 r / min
1907 - H. Ledvinka constructs a mechanical brake on 4 wheels.




     Drive a steam car, however, proved to be a dead end. For a long time was working on competing engines for steam engines.In 1800 the Swiss retired military, Isaac de Rivaz Major built a primitive vehicle propelled explosive gas mixture of light and air. Electric spark ignited a mixture of threw up a piston, which in turn drove the wheel placed over it. His motion was carried by the rope on the wheel of the vehicle. The design had no steering, and after each explosion had to be the new "refueled" with gas. Rivaz has obtained a patent on it, but that does not stop there and try to improve his invention.
     American Thomas Davenoprt in 1835 built the first car powered by an electric motor, electric czerpiącym current from the battery.In 1860, French engineer has developed Čtienne Lenoir gas engine, which worked without compressing the mixture. Namely, put the piston in the cylinder, after which both sides took place alternately sucking and burning the mixture. The engine, however, already had a mechanism for bringing gas into the cylinder. Air - the second component of the mixture - it was sucked through the gap between the piston and the cylinder.
     Two years later, French scientist Alphonse Beau de Rochas developed a theoretical principle of four-stroke engine. It consisted of sucking the fuel mixture into the cylinder, compress it, burn, what gives the piston movement, and throwing gas on the outside. That same year, the gas engine prototype built German Nikolaus August Otto.



Daimler and Benz

     In 1875, living in Vienna Jewish locksmith Siegfried Marcus went into the street four-wheel vehicle with four-stroke gasoline engine. Marcus engine mounted on a wooden frame strengthened tin ornaments. The frame was based on two axes of the wheels, the first of which was a swivel, as in horse carts. Vehicle steered by a small, vertically oriented steering gear combined. Marcus Construction weighed 756 kilograms and was so robust that even in 1950, managed to run it. It achieved a speed of 6 to 8 km / h, had the brakes in the form of wooden blocks dociskanych the wheels and sprung front axle. Unfortunately, the local police forbade public Mercusowi use the invention because of the annoying smell of exhaust.
     Although Siegfried Marcus constructed a vehicle with a gasoline engine, is widely recognized that the first car created independently of each other in the workshop of two German engineers: Damilera Gottlieb and Carl Benz. Benz in 1885 conducted the first test of three-wheeled vehicle powered by a four-stroke gasoline engine. The drive was transferred to the two rear wheels and the front was used for control. Large, horizontal position provided a flywheel engine jednocylindrowego equal work. Brakes were blocks, if need be pressed against the rim of spoked wheels. The vehicle weighed 260 kg and already the first attempt outside the yard Benz flawlessly ran 24 kilometers. Constructor patented it in 1886.Exactly in the same year his first publicly unveiled car Gottlieb Daimler. He placed the gasoline engine is not on the tricycle, but the four-wheel chassis. Steering was the entire front axle. His vehicle resembled a carriage, which detached from the horse.This shape was supposed to be helpful in case your car breaks down (it was easy to attach to it a draft animal). After successive changes Daimler engine was the power of 3.75 horsepower, which allowed the dispersal of the car to a speed of 32 km / h.The first cars accepted very suspicious. Often, they provoked smiles of pity and annoyed noisy engines. But nothing could stop their development. Car became so perfect on the outside and inside.
     Emile Levasseur, an economist and geographer by profession, invented in 1891 front-wheel drive.
     In 1893 the Frenchman Albert de Dion engine was built, which reached 3000 rpm.This result was possible thanks to the electric system, ignition of the mixture. Two years later, Michelin brothers, André and Čdouard, combine pneumatic tires with John Dunlop removable rim. Since then, catching rubber has become much less of a problem. Perfected a car brakes. First, not only equipped with two wheels, but with increasing speed of vehicles, such a solution is no longer enough. In 1907, H. Ledvinka, Austrian designer, applied the mechanical brake on 4 wheels.
     Changed the appearance of cars. In the past departed vehicles similar to the carriages. In 1905 appeared the first car, whose body could be using a special overlay to change from open to closed. Become increasingly popular luxury car with a glass room for passengers. The driver was indeed even beyond it, but it extended shrouded roof and vertical mounted on the front windshield of the vehicle. With this type of structure born contemporary bodywork.
     Cars at breakneck pace gained popularity. As technology no longer merely a toy millionaires. There were cheap and reliable models available to people with average earnings. Today it is difficult to imagine a world without cars.